Sexual assault
 AGE Most common between the ages of 16 and 24 |  GENDER More common in females |
 LIFESTYLE Not significant factors |  GENETICS Not significant factors |
Sexual assault is physical and psychological damage resulting from rape or attempted rape.
© Thinkstock
The number of cases of sexual assault recorded by the police, which includes both rape and attempted rape, has risen dramatically in recent years. In the UK, more than 11,000 rapes and a further 25,000 indecent assaults were reported to the police in 2002-2003. However, sexual assault is known to be one of the most under-reported crimes, so that the true figure is likely to be much higher.
Many people are unwilling to report a sexual assault, especially if they know the perpetrator. However, help should always be sought. Calling the police or doctor without delay makes treatment for any infection more effective and the gathering of forensic evidence easier. It is best if forensic samples are collected as soon as possible after the assault.
Are there complications from sexual assault?
The perpetrator may transmit hepatitis B and C (see Acute hepatitis) or other sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV infection (see Hiv infection and aids), syphilis, or gonorrhoea, to the victim. A victim of sexual assault is likely to suffer severe psychological trauma, and may develop anxiety disorders, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.
What might be done?
If you report that you have been sexually assaulted, you will receive treatment for injuries and possible infections. You will also be offered support to help you to recover from the experience.
The doctor will examine you, noting bruises or other injuries. Swabs are taken and tested for infections and the presence of semen or other body fluids that may provide forensic evidence against the attacker. After you have received counselling, blood samples are taken to check for HIV and hepatitis infection. Other samples, such as clothes and nail clippings, may be retained for analysis. All examinations and collecting of material for forensic tests are carried out in a supportive environment and only after the doctor has explained what needs to be done and you have agreed.
You will be offered emergency contraception (Using contraceptives) if there is a risk of pregnancy. Antibiotics are given to prevent sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea and chlamydial infection. If there is a risk of HIV infection, a course of antiviral drugs may be prescribed to reduce it (see Drugs for HIV and AIDS).
Follow-up care may be offered about 7-10 days after the assault. Subsequent visits may be arranged at 6 weeks for syphilis and gonorrhoea tests and at 3 and 6 months for repeat HIV and hepatitis B and C testing.
Counselling will usually be recommended following the attack, and you may also find it helpful to contact self-help organizations that can provide emotional support and practical advice for the victims of sexual assault. You may find that you need support for an extended time. Being able to talk about your feelings is likely to speed recovery.
BMA Complete Family Health Guide
Copyright © 2005 Dorling Kindersley
Posted 04.05.2011
Useful links:Get more on this subject…
